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Connect an STS35 temperature sensor to an ESP32

by shedboy71

In this article we look at a temperature and pressure sensor, the STS35 temperature sensor from Sensirion, and connect it to an ESP32

Sensor Information

The STS3x-DIS is Sensirion’s new high accuracy digital temperature sensor. It relies on the industry proven CMOSens® technology, providing for increased intelligence, reliability and improved accuracy specifications compared to its predecessors. Its functionality includes enhanced signal processing, two distinctive and user selectable I2C addresses and communication speeds of up to 1 MHz.

FEATURES

  • Factory calibrated, accurate digital output
  • High accuracy, ±0.1℃ temperature error
  • Fast startup time, 0.5ms
  • High reliability, long-term stability

SPECIFICATION

  • Operating Voltage: 2.15～5.5V DC
  • Heating Power Consumption: 3.6~33mW
  • Output Signal: I2C
  • Measuring Range: -40~125℃
  • Accuracy: ±0.1℃
  • Resolution: 0.01℃
  • Preheat: ≤1.5ms (Typical, 0.5ms)
  • Response Time: >2s
  • Operating Temperature: -40～125℃

 

Num Label Description
1 RST Reset pin (pull down to reset)
2 ADDR I2C address pin (default to be 0x4B, pull-down address is 0x4A)
3 SDA I2C data line
4 SCL I2C clock line
5 GND Gnd
6 VCC 3.3 to 5v

Parts Required

You can connect to the sensor using DuPont-style jumper wire.

The sensor costs about $7.50

Name Link
ESP32
STS35
Connecting cables

 

Schematic/Connection

Code Example

Download the library from github – https://github.com/DFRobot/DFRobot_STS3X/tree/main

Import the zip file into the Arduino IDE, this is one of the default examples

#include "DFRobot_STS3X.h"

/**
 * Determine I2C address according to the ADDR pin pull-up or pull-down
 * ADDR pin pull-down: STS3X_I2C_ADDRESS_A   0x4A
 * ADDR pin or pull-up: STS3X_I2C_ADDRESS_B   0x4B
 */
DFRobot_STS3X sts(&Wire, STS3X_I2C_ADDRESS_B);


void setup(void)
{
    Serial.begin(9600);
    /* Wait for the chip to be initialized completely, and then exit */
    while(sts.begin() != true){
        Serial.println("Failed to init chip, please check if the chip connection is fine. ");
        delay(1000);
    }
    Serial.println("Begin ok!");

    /**
     * Set measurement frequency
     * freq: Select e2S, e1Hz, e2Hz, e4Hz and e10Hz mode in the enumeration variable eFreq_t
     */
    sts.setFreq(sts.e10Hz);

}

void loop() {
    Serial.print(sts.getTemperaturePeriodC());
    Serial.println(" ℃");
    delay(1000);
}

 

 

Output

When run you will see something like this in the serial monitor window, this was doing the typical ‘touch the sensor’ test so you can see the temperature rising

15.80 ℃
15.80 ℃
15.82 ℃
15.84 ℃
15.77 ℃
15.79 ℃
15.82 ℃

Links

https://sensirion.com/media/documents/1DA31AFD/61641F76/Sensirion_Temperature_Sensors_STS3x_Datasheet.pdf

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Code

Connect an IS31FL3741 LED matrix module to an ESP32

by shedboy71

In this article we look at a module with lots of LEDs on it, its an IS31FL3741 LED matrix module from adafruit

Module Information

At the centre of the module is the IS31FL3741

The IS31FL3741 is a general purpose 39×9 LED Matrix programmed via an I2C compatible interface.

Each LED can be dimmed individually with 8-bit PWM data and 8-bit scaling data which allowing 256 steps of linear PWM dimming and 256 steps of DC current adjustable level.

Additionally each LED open and short state can be detected, IS31FL3741 store the open or short information in Open-Short Registers. The Open-Short Registers allowing MCU to read out via I2C compatible interface. Inform MCU whether there are LEDs open or short and the locations of open or short LEDs.

The IS31FL3741 operates from 2.7V to 5.5V and features a very low shutdown and operational current.

FEATURES

Supply voltage range: 2.7V ~ 5.5V
9 Current Sink × 9 SW matrix size: drive up to 351 LEDs or 117 RGBs
Individual 256 PWM control steps
Individual 256 DC current steps
Global 255 current setting
SDB rising edge reset I2C module
Programmable H/L logic: 1.4/0.4, 2.4/0.6
29kHz PWM frequency
1MHz I2C-compatible interface
interrupt and state lookup registers
Individual open and short error detect function

The adafruit module features a 13×9 RGB LED matrix breakout for a grand total of 117 RGB LEDs

Parts Required

Name Link
ESP32
IS31FL3741
Connecting cables

Schematic/Connection

 

Code Example

You can install the Adafruit IS31FL3741 library for Arduino using the Library Manager in the Arduino IDE.

Click Manage Libraries, search for IS31FL3741 , and select the Adafruit IS31FL3741 library, and install the latest version:

You may be asked about dependencies if this is the first time you have installed an Adafruit library, click “Install all” to install them as well.

The library has several example – this one scrolls text on the matrix and we have toned the brightness down as well – they are bright leds

 

#include <Adafruit_IS31FL3741.h>

Adafruit_IS31FL3741_QT matrix;
// If colors appear wrong on matrix, try invoking constructor like so:
// Adafruit_IS31FL3741_QT matrix(IS3741_RBG);

// Some boards have just one I2C interface, but some have more...
TwoWire *i2c = &Wire; // e.g. change this to &Wire1 for QT Py RP2040

char text[] = "esp32learning!";   // A message to scroll
int text_x = matrix.width(); // Initial text position = off right edge
int text_y = 1;
int text_min;                // Pos. where text resets (calc'd later)

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Adafruit QT RGB Matrix Scrolling Text Test");

  if (! matrix.begin(IS3741_ADDR_DEFAULT, i2c)) {
    Serial.println("IS41 not found");
    while (1);
  }

  Serial.println("IS41 found!");

  // By default the LED controller communicates over I2C at 400 KHz.
  // Arduino Uno can usually do 800 KHz, and 32-bit microcontrollers 1 MHz.
  i2c->setClock(800000);

  // Set brightness to max and bring controller out of shutdown state
  matrix.setLEDscaling(0x10);
  matrix.setGlobalCurrent(0x10);
  Serial.print("Global current set to: ");
  Serial.println(matrix.getGlobalCurrent());

  matrix.fill(0);
  matrix.enable(true); // bring out of shutdown
  matrix.setRotation(0);
  matrix.setTextWrap(false);

  // Get text dimensions to determine X coord where scrolling resets
  uint16_t w, h;
  int16_t ignore;
  matrix.getTextBounds(text, 0, 0, &ignore, &ignore, &w, &h);
  text_min = -w; // Off left edge this many pixels
}

void loop() {
  matrix.setCursor(text_x, text_y);
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)strlen(text); i++) {
    // set the color thru the rainbow
    uint32_t color888 = matrix.ColorHSV(65536 * i / strlen(text));
    uint16_t color565 = matrix.color565(color888);
    matrix.setTextColor(color565, 0); // backound is '0' to erase previous text!
    matrix.print(text[i]); // write the letter
  }

  if (--text_x < text_min) {
    text_x = matrix.width();
  }

  delay(25);
}

 

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Code

Connect a ADXL313 accelerometer sensor to an ESP32

by shedboy71

In this article we connect the ever popular ADXL313 accelerometer to a raspberry Pi Pico and we will then display readings via the serial monitor window. We are using the Arduino IDE.

Lets look at the sensor first

Features

The ADXL313 is a small, thin, low power, 3-axis accelerometer with high resolution (13-bit) measurement up to ±4g. Digital output data is formatted as 16-bit twos complement and is accessible through either a serial port interface (SPI) (3-wire or 4-wire) or I2C digital interface.

  • Ultralow power (scales automatically with data rate)
    • As low as 30 μA in measurement mode (VS = 3.3 V)
    • As low as 0.1 μA in standby mode (VS = 3.3 V)
  • Low noise performance
    • 150 μg/√Hz typical for X- and Y-axes
    • 250 μg/√Hz typical for the Z-axis
  • Embedded, patent pending FIFO technology minimizes host processor load
  • User-selectable resolution
    • Fixed 10-bit resolution for any g range
    • Fixed 1024 LSB/g sensitivity for any g range
    • Resolution scales from 10-bit at ±0.5 g to 13-bit at ±4 g
  • Built-in motion detection functions for activity/inactivity monitoring
  • Supply and I/O voltage range: 2.0 V to 3.6 V
  • SPI (3-wire and 4-wire) and I2C digital interfaces
  • Flexible interrupt modes mappable to two interrupt pins
  • Measurement range selectable via serial command
  • Bandwidth selectable via serial command
  • Wide temperature range (−40°C to +105°C)
  • 10,000 g shock survival

Parts Required

Name Link
ESP32
ADXL313
Connecting cables

 

Schematic/Connection

Here is a layout in fritzing to show this

Code Example

I used the Sparkfun ADXL313 library and  this is the default example which worked, there are several examples to experiment with

The library needs updated to work with the Raspberry Pi Pico – this issue is detailed here – https://github.com/sparkfun/SparkFun_ADXL313_Arduino_Library/issues/5

Look for the following in SparkFunADXL313.cpp

//Initializes the sensor with basic settings via SPI
//Returns false if sensor is not detected
boolean ADXL313::beginSPI(uint8_t CS_pin, SPIClass &spiPort)
{
    _CS = CS_pin;
    _spiPort = &spiPort;
    I2C = false;
//_spiPort->begin(_CS); // throws a compile error, no such function
_spiPort->begin();
//_spiPort->setDataMode(SPI_MODE3); // old way of doing SPI settings, now you must pass in an SPISettings object
_spiPort->beginTransaction(SPISettings(2000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE3));
    pinMode(_CS, OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(_CS, HIGH);

    // since we can't simply check for an "ACK" like in I2C,
    // we will check PART ID, to verify that it's there and working
  	if (checkPartId() == false) // Check for sensor Part ID
    	return (false);

  	return (true); //We're all setup!
}

And the basic example

#include <Wire.h>
#include "SparkFunADXL313.h" //Click here to get the library: http://librarymanager/All#SparkFun_ADXL313
ADXL313 myAdxl;

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Example 1 - Reading values from ADXL313");

  Wire.begin();

  if (myAdxl.begin() == false) //Begin communication over I2C
  {
    Serial.println("The sensor did not respond. Please check wiring.");
    while(1); //Freeze
  }
  Serial.print("Sensor is connected properly.");
  
  myAdxl.measureModeOn(); // wakes up the sensor from standby and puts it into measurement mode
}

void loop()
{
  if(myAdxl.dataReady()) // check data ready interrupt, note, this clears all other int bits in INT_SOURCE reg
  {
    myAdxl.readAccel(); // read all 3 axis, they are stored in class variables: myAdxl.x, myAdxl.y and myAdxl.z
    Serial.print("x: ");
    Serial.print(myAdxl.x);
    Serial.print("\ty: ");
    Serial.print(myAdxl.y);
    Serial.print("\tz: ");
    Serial.print(myAdxl.z);
    Serial.println();
  }
  else
  {
    Serial.println("Waiting for dataReady.");
  }  
  delay(250);
}

 

Output

x: 511 y: 261 z: 511
x: 136 y: 511 z: 212
x: -195 y: 511 z: -491
x: -253 y: 511 z: -512
x: -311 y: 457 z: -512
x: -499 y: 165 z: -512
x: -512 y: -175 z: -512

Links

https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/adxl313.pdf

https://github.com/sparkfun/SparkFun_ADXL313_Arduino_Library

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Code

Connect an BMA220 Triple Axis Accelerometer to an ESP32

by shedboy71

In this article we look at a sensor, the BMA220 Triple Axis Accelerometer from Bosch Sensortec, and connect it to an ESP32

Sensor Information

The BMA220 Triple Axis Accelerometer by Bosch is an ultra small triaxial, low-g acceleration sensor breakboard with SPI and I2C interface, aiming for low power consumer market applications. It allows measurement of accelerations in 3 perpendicular axes and thus senses tilt, motion, shock and vibration in cell phones, handhelds, computer peripherals, man-machine interfaces, virtual reality features and game controllers.

The Tri-Axis Accelerometer integrates a multitude of features that acilitates its use especially in the area of motion detection applications, such as device orientation detection, gaming, HMI and menu browser control

It can be used in sensing tilt, motion and shock vibration in mobile devices, handhelds, digital peripherals, man-machine interfaces, virtual reality features and game consoles.

Specification

Power supply: 2.0-3.6V
Interface: I2C
Acceleration range:±2g/±4g/±8g/±16g
Ultra Low Power
LED power indication

 

Parts Required

You can connect to the sensor using DuPont-style jumper wire.

Name Link
ESP32
BMA220
Connecting cables

Schematic/Connection

I used 3.3v rather than 5v

Code Example

This requires no library

#include <Wire.h> 

byte Version[3];
int8_t x_data;
int8_t y_data;
int8_t z_data;

void setup() 
{ 
  Serial.begin(9600); 
  Wire.begin(); 
  Wire.beginTransmission(0x0A); // address of the accelerometer 
  // low pass filter, range settings 
  Wire.write(0x20); 
  Wire.write(0x05); 
  Wire.endTransmission();
  
} 
 
void AccelerometerInit() 
{ 
   Wire.beginTransmission(0x0A); // address of the accelerometer 
  // reset the accelerometer 
  Wire.write(0x04); // Y data
  Wire.endTransmission(); 
  Wire.requestFrom(0x0A,1);    // request 6 bytes from slave device #2
  while(Wire.available())    // slave may send less than requested
  { 
    Version[0] = Wire.read(); // receive a byte as characte
  }  
  x_data=(int8_t)Version[0]>>2;
 
  Wire.beginTransmission(0x0A); // address of the accelerometer 
  // reset the accelerometer 
  Wire.write(0x06); // Y data
  Wire.endTransmission(); 
  Wire.requestFrom(0x0A,1);    // request 6 bytes from slave device #2
  while(Wire.available())    // slave may send less than requested
  { 
    Version[1] = Wire.read(); // receive a byte as characte
  }  
  y_data=(int8_t)Version[1]>>2;
  
  Wire.beginTransmission(0x0A); // address of the accelerometer 
  // reset the accelerometer 
  Wire.write(0x08); // Y data
  Wire.endTransmission(); 
  Wire.requestFrom(0x0A,1);    // request 6 bytes from slave device #2
   while(Wire.available())    // slave may send less than requested
  { 
    Version[2] = Wire.read(); // receive a byte as characte
  }  
   z_data=(int8_t)Version[2]>>2; 
   
   Serial.print("X=");   
   Serial.print(x_data);         // print the character
   Serial.print("  "); 
   Serial.print("Y=");   
   Serial.print(y_data);         // print the character
   Serial.print("  "); 
   Serial.print("Z=");  
   Serial.println(z_data);   
} 
 
void loop() 
{ 
  AccelerometerInit(); 
 delay(100);

}

 

 

Output

When run you will see something like this in the serial monitor window,

 

Links

 

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Code

Connect an LTR-329 Ambient Light sensor to an ESP32

by shedboy71

In this article we look at an Ambient Light sensor, the LTR-329 and connect it to an ESP32

Sensor Information

The LTR-329 provides 16-bit light measurements for both Infrared and Visible+IR spectrums. Subtract one from the other to get human-visible light. Thanks to configurable gain and integration time settings, the LTR-329 can measure from 0 to 65K+ lux.

I bought an Adafruit breakout board, so the LTR-329 comes integrated with a voltage regulator and level-shifting circuitry to allow it to be used with 3.3V devices or 5V devices.

Along with a header, there is a SparkFun Qwiic compatible STEMMA QT connectors for the I2C bus so you just need to fit a suitable cable

Features

I2C interface with up to Fast Mode @ 400kbit/s with address 0x29
Ultra-small 4-pin ChipLED package 2.0mm(L), 2.0mm(B), 0.7mm(H)
Built-in temperature compensation circuit
Low active power consumption with standby mode
Supply voltage range from 2.4V to 3.6V capable of 1.7V logic voltage
Operating temperature range from -30C to +70C
RoHS and Halogen free compliant
Close to human eye spectral response
Immunity to IR / UV Light Source
Automatically rejects 50 / 60 Hz lightings flicker
Full dynamic range from 0.01 lux to 64k lux
16-bit effective resolution

Parts Required

You can connect to the sensor using dupont style jumper wire.

 

Name Link
ESP32
LTR329  
Connecting cables

 

Schematic/Connection

I used 3.3v from the ESP32 and the stemma/qwic connector

 

Code Example

I installed the Adafruit library using the Arduino ide which also installed the dependency library

Click the Manage Libraries … menu item, search for LTR329_LTR303, and select the Adafruit LTR329 LTR303 library

If asked about dependencies, click on the “Install all” option

If the Dependencies window does appear, you already have the required dependencies installed.

If the dependencies are already installed, make sure that you have the latest ones installed using the Arduino Library Manager

This is the default ltr329_simpletest example with the delay set to 1000ms rather than 100ms which seemed a bit too short a delay for simple testing. I also removed code from the setup routine which basically displayed the settings that you can change in the setup.

These are

ltr.setGain(LTR3XX_GAIN_2);
ltr.setIntegrationTime(LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_100);
ltr.setMeasurementRate(LTR3XX_MEASRATE_200);

#include "Adafruit_LTR329_LTR303.h"

Adafruit_LTR329 ltr = Adafruit_LTR329();

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Adafruit LTR-329 advanced test");

  if ( ! ltr.begin() ) {
    Serial.println("Couldn't find LTR sensor!");
    while (1) delay(10);
  }
  Serial.println("Found LTR sensor!");

  ltr.setGain(LTR3XX_GAIN_2);
  ltr.setIntegrationTime(LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_100);
  ltr.setMeasurementRate(LTR3XX_MEASRATE_200);

}

void loop() {
  bool valid;
  uint16_t visible_plus_ir, infrared;

  if (ltr.newDataAvailable()) {
    valid = ltr.readBothChannels(visible_plus_ir, infrared);
    if (valid) {
      Serial.print("CH0 Visible + IR: ");
      Serial.print(visible_plus_ir);
      Serial.print("\t\tCH1 Infrared: ");
      Serial.println(infrared);
    }
  }

  delay(1000);
}

 

Output

Here is  an example of what I saw in the serial monitor window – you may see some different results

This was covering and uncovering the sensor

CH0 Visible + IR: 4 CH1 Infrared: 5
CH0 Visible + IR: 4 CH1 Infrared: 5
CH0 Visible + IR: 4 CH1 Infrared: 5
CH0 Visible + IR: 3 CH1 Infrared: 4
CH0 Visible + IR: 22 CH1 Infrared: 30
CH0 Visible + IR: 20 CH1 Infrared: 29
CH0 Visible + IR: 20 CH1 Infrared: 29

Links

https://optoelectronics.liteon.com/upload/download/DS86-2014-0006/LTR-329ALS-01_DS_V1.5.PDF

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Connect an LTR-303 Ambient Light sensor to an ESP32

by shedboy71

In this article, we look at an Ambient Light sensor, the LTR-303, and connect it to an ESP32 board

Sensor Information

The LTR-303ALS is a low-cost, small, I2C Ambient Light sensor. The LTR-303ALS comes in a 2.0×2.0×0.7mm 6-pin DFN package.

The LTR-303ALS has an operating voltage of 2.4-3.6V with I2C operation down to 1.7V. The LTR-303ALS provides a full dynamic range from 0.01-64K lux while providing a close-to-the-eye spectral response with immunity to IR/UV light sources and automatically rejects 50/60Hz light flicker.

There are 6 gain settings available 1X, 2X, 3X, 4X, 8X, 48X, and 96X) to the user and provides a 16-bit effective resolution output.

Features

I2C interface (Fast Mode @ 400kbit/s)
Ultra-small 6-pin ChipLED package 2.0mm(L), 2.0mm(B), 0.7mm(H)
Built-in temperature compensation circuit
Low active power consumption with standby mode
Supply voltage range from 2.4V to 3.6V capable of 1.7V logic voltage
Operating temperature range from -30C to +70C
RoHS and Halogen free compliant
Close to human eye spectral response
Immunity to IR / UV Light Source
Automatically rejects 50 / 60 Hz lightings flicker
Full dynamic range from 0.01 lux to 64k lux
16-bit effective resolution

Parts Required

You can connect to the sensor using dupont style jumper wire.

 

Name Link
ESP32
LTR303
Connecting cables

 

Schematic/Connection

I used 3.3v from the ESP32 and connected using the qwic sensor

 

Code Example

I installed the Adafruit library using the Arduino ide which also installed the dependency library

Click the Manage Libraries … menu item, search for LTR329_LTR303, and select the Adafruit LTR329 LTR303 library

If asked about dependencies, click on the “Install all” option

If the Dependencies window does appear, then you already have the required dependencies already installed.

If the dependencies are already installed, make sure that you have the latest ones installed using the Arduino Library Manager

This is the default example with the delay set to 1000ms rather than 100ms which seemed a bit too short a delay for simple testing

#include "Adafruit_LTR329_LTR303.h"

Adafruit_LTR303 ltr = Adafruit_LTR303();

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (!Serial) {
    delay(10); // wait for serial port to open
  }
  Serial.println("Adafruit LTR-303 simple test");

  if ( ! ltr.begin() ) {
    Serial.println("Couldn't find LTR sensor!");
    while (1) delay(10);
  }
  Serial.println("Found LTR sensor!");

  // Set gain of 1 (see advanced demo for all options!
  ltr.setGain(LTR3XX_GAIN_1);
  // Set integration time of 50ms (see advanced demo for all options!
  ltr.setIntegrationTime(LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_50);
  // Set measurement rate of 50ms (see advanced demo for all options!
  ltr.setMeasurementRate(LTR3XX_MEASRATE_50);
}

void loop() {
  bool valid;
  uint16_t visible_plus_ir, infrared;

  if (ltr.newDataAvailable()) {
    valid = ltr.readBothChannels(visible_plus_ir, infrared);
    if (valid) {
      Serial.print("CH0 Visible + IR: ");
      Serial.print(visible_plus_ir);
      Serial.print("\t\tCH1 Infrared: ");
      Serial.println(infrared);
    }
  }

  delay(1000);
}

 

Output

Here is  an example of what I saw in the serial monitor window – you may see some different results

This was covering and uncovering the sensor

CH0 Visible + IR: 1 CH1 Infrared: 2
CH0 Visible + IR: 7 CH1 Infrared: 6
CH0 Visible + IR: 6 CH1 Infrared: 6
CH0 Visible + IR: 6 CH1 Infrared: 7
CH0 Visible + IR: 1 CH1 Infrared: 2

Links

https://optoelectronics.liteon.com/upload/download/DS86-2013-0004/LTR-303ALS-01_DS_V1.pdf

 

 

 

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Connect a KX134 Triple Axis Accelerometer to an ESP32 example

by shedboy71

In this article we look at another Triple-axis Magnetometer, the KX134 Triple Axis Accelerometer, and connect it to an ESP32 board

This is very similar to the KX132 we wrote about previously in an article

Sensor Information

This KX134 is a digital accelerometer from Kionix. We will use the KX134 breakout from Sparkfun

The KX134 is a low-power, 16-bit resolution three-axis accelerometer capable of measuring ±8g/16g/32g/64g (user-selectable) and has up to a 10kHz output data rate making it ideal for high-g measurements as well as high-speed applications such as vibration sensing

The KX134 includes a host of features including Freefall detection, Directional Tap™ and Double-Tap™ detection, tilt orientation detection and more. The Qwiic KX134 can interface with controllers using both I2C and SPI at high speeds so you can use it in an existing Qwiic chain or on an SPI bus.

This is what the breakout looks like

Features

  • Measurement Range: ±8g, ±16g, ±32g, ±64g (User Selectable)
  • High Resolution (8 or 16-bit)
  • User-Configurable Output Data Rate (ODR) up to 25600Hz
  • User-Configurable 3-stage Advanced Data Path featuring low-pass filter, low-pass/high-pass filter and RMS calculation engine
  • Wide range of built-in sensing functions
    • Free Fall
    • Directional-Tap™ / Double-Tap™
    • Device Orientation & Activity Algorithms
  • Low Noise: 130µg/√Hz (varies based on ODR, power mode & other settings)
  • High-Resolution Wake-Up & Back-to-Sleep Detection with a configurable threshold as low as 3.9mg
  • 512-byte FIFO buffer that continues recording data while being read
  • Selectable Low-Power or High-Performance operating modes
  • Low Power with Integrated Voltage Regulator
    • High-Performance Operating Current Consumption (400Hz ODR + Wake-Up Detection): 148µA
    • Low Power Operating Current Consumption (0.781Hz ODR + Wake-Up Detection): 0.53µA
    • Standby Current Consumption: 0.5µA
  • Self-Test Functionality
  • Digital I2C up to 3.4MHz and Digital SPI up to 10MHz
  • 2x Qwiic Connectors
  • SPI available on PTH Header Pins
  • I2C Address: 0x1E (0x1F can be used as an alternate but requires soldering abridge across 2 pads on the underside of the board)

Parts Required

You can connect to the sensor using DuPont style jumper wire.

 

Name Link
ESP32
KX134
Connecting cables

 

Schematic/Connection

I used 3.3v from the ESP32

I also used a Qwiic cable, but if you do not have one, there is an unpopulated set of pins you can solder a header to. This is how you would wire this up

 

Code Example

I installed the Sparkfun library using the Arduino ide

Click the Manage Libraries … menu item, search for KX134, and select the Sparkfun KX13x library like this

This is one of the examples that gets installed with the library, with a  few comments and unused lines removed.

#include <Wire.h>
#include <SparkFun_KX13X.h>

SparkFun_KX134 kxAccel;

outputData myData; // Struct for the accelerometer's data

void setup()
{

  Wire.begin();
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // Wait for the Serial monitor to be opened.
  while (!Serial)
    delay(50);

  if (!kxAccel.begin())
  {
    Serial.println("Could not communicate with the the KX13X");
    while (1)
      ;
  }
  Serial.println("Ready.");

  if (kxAccel.softwareReset())
    Serial.println("Reset.");

  // Give some time for the accelerometer to reset.
  // It needs two, but give it five for good measure.
  delay(5);

  // Many settings for KX13X can only be
  // applied when the accelerometer is powered down.
  // However there are many that can be changed "on-the-fly"
  // check datasheet for more info, or the comments in the
  // "...regs.h" file which specify which can be changed when.
  kxAccel.enableAccel(false);

  kxAccel.setRange(SFE_KX134_RANGE16G);         // 16g for the KX134

  kxAccel.enableDataEngine(); // Enables the bit that indicates data is ready.
  // kxAccel.setOutputDataRate(); // Default is 50Hz
  kxAccel.enableAccel();
}

void loop()
{
  // Check if data is ready.
  if (kxAccel.dataReady())
  {
    kxAccel.getAccelData(&myData);
    Serial.print("X: ");
    Serial.print(myData.xData, 4);
    Serial.print(" Y: ");
    Serial.print(myData.yData, 4);
    Serial.print(" Z: ");
    Serial.print(myData.zData, 4);
    Serial.println();
  }
  delay(500); // Delay should be 1/ODR (Output Data Rate), default is 1/50ODR
}

 

Output

When run and the sensor was moved around

Ready.
Reset.
X: 0.3035 Y: -0.0088 Z: -0.9189
X: -0.0044 Y: 0.6022 Z: -1.2317
X: -1.3576 Y: -0.2172 Z: -0.2381
X: -0.0693 Y: -0.0176 Z: 0.6759

Links

https://kionixfs.azureedge.net/en/datasheet/kx134-1211-e.pdf

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Code

Connecting a KX132 Triple Axis Accelerometer to an ESP32 board example

by shedboy71

In this article we look at one of 2 similar Triple-axis Magnetometer that I recently purchased, the KX132 Triple Axis Accelerometer, and connect it to an ESP32

Sensor Information

The KX132 is a digital accelerometer from Kionix.

The KX132 is a low-power, 16-bit resolution three-axis accelerometer with four user-selectable acceleration measurement ranges of ±2g/4g/8g/16g and has up to a 10kHz (max) output data rate making it ideal for a wide range of acceleration measurements as well as high-speed applications such as vibration and tap sensing.

The KX132 includes a host of features including Freefall detection, Directional Tap™ and Double-Tap™ detection, tilt orientation detection and more.

The Qwiic KX132 can interface with controllers using both I2C and SPI at high speeds so you can use it in an existing Qwiic/I2C chain or on a SPI bus.

Features

Measurement Range: ±2g, ±4g, ±8g, ±16g (User Selectable)
High Resolution (8 or 16-bit)
User-Configurable Output Data Rate (ODR) up to 25600Hz
User-Configurable 3-stage Advanced Data Path featuring low-pass filter, low-pass/high-pass filter, and RMS calculation engine
Wide range of built-in sensing functions

  • Free Fall
  • Directional-Tap™ / Double-Tap™
  • Device Orientation & Activity Algorithms

Low Noise: 130µg/√Hz (varies based on ODR, power mode & other settings)
High-Resolution Wake-Up & Back-to-Sleep Detection with a configurable threshold as low as 3.9mg
512-byte FIFO buffer that continues recording data while being read
Selectable Low-Power or High-Performance operating modes
Low Power with Integrated Voltage Regulator

  • High Performance Operating Current Consumption (400Hz ODR + Wake-Up Detection): 148µA
  • Low Power Operating Current Consumption (0.781Hz ODR + Wake-Up Detection): 0.53µA
  • Standby Current Consumption: 0.5µA

Self-Test Functionality
Digital I2C up to 3.4MHz and Digital SPI up to 10MHz
2x Qwiic Connectors
SPI available on PTH Header Pins
I2C Address: 0x1E (0x1F can be used as an alternate)

Parts Required

You can connect to the sensor using DuPont style jumper wire.

 

Name Link
ESP32
KX132
Connecting cables

 

Schematic/Connection

I used 3.3v from the ESP32 Lolin board I used for testing

I also used a Qwiic cable but if you do not have one of them there is an unpopulated set of pins you can solder a header to. This is how you would wire this up

 

Code Example

I installed the Sparkfun library using the Arduino ide

Click the Manage Libraries … menu item, search for KX132, and select the Sparkfun KX13x library like this

This is one of the examples that gets installed with the library, with a  few comments and unused lines removed.

#include <Wire.h>
#include <SparkFun_KX13X.h>

SparkFun_KX132 kxAccel;

outputData myData; // Struct for the accelerometer's data

void setup()
{

  Wire.begin();
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // Wait for the Serial monitor to be opened.
  while (!Serial)
    delay(50);

  if (!kxAccel.begin())
  {
    Serial.println("Could not communicate with the the KX13X");
    while (1)
      ;
  }
  Serial.println("Ready.");

  if (kxAccel.softwareReset())
    Serial.println("Reset.");

  // Give some time for the accelerometer to reset.
  delay(5);

  // Many settings for KX13X can only be
  // applied when the accelerometer is powered down.
  kxAccel.enableAccel(false);

  kxAccel.setRange(SFE_KX132_RANGE16G); // 16g Range
  kxAccel.enableDataEngine(); // Enables the bit that indicates data is ready.
  kxAccel.enableAccel();
}

void loop()
{
  // Check if data is ready.
  if (kxAccel.dataReady())
  {
    kxAccel.getAccelData(&myData);
    Serial.print("X: ");
    Serial.print(myData.xData, 4);
    Serial.print(" Y: ");
    Serial.print(myData.yData, 4);
    Serial.print(" Z: ");
    Serial.print(myData.zData, 4);
    Serial.println();
  }
  delay(500);
}

 

Output

When run and the sensor was moved around

Welcome.
Ready.
Reset.
X: 0.0005 Y: -0.6676 Z: -0.7608
X: 0.0464 Y: -0.6598 Z: -0.7544
X: 0.0600 Y: -0.6324 Z: -0.8428
X: 0.1459 Y: -0.6759 Z: -0.8589

Links

https://www.kionix.com/product/KX132-1211

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esp32 and STTS22H_bb
Code

Connecting a STTS22H temperature sensor to an ESP32 example

by shedboy71

In this article we look at a temperature sensor, the STTS22H sensor from ST and connect it to an ESP32 board

Sensor Information

The STTS22H is an ultralow-power, high-accuracy, digital temperature sensor offering high performance over the entire operating temperature range.

The STTS22H Temperature Sensor is an ultralow-power, high-accuracy, digital temperature sensor from ST Microelectronics and is housed in our standard Qwiic form factor. Thanks to its factory calibration the STTS22H offers high-end accuracy performance over the entire operating temperature range, reaching as low as ±0.5°C without requiring any further calibration at the application level.

The sensor operating mode is user-configurable and allows selecting between different ODRs (down to 1Hz) or the one-shot mode for battery saving. In one-shot mode, the sensor current consumption falls to 1.75µA. Peripheral addresses are also user-configurable and allow up to four different addresses to be specified by manipulating the jumpers on the back of the breakout. In addition, an interrupt pin is available to signal the application whenever the user-selectable high or low threshold has been exceeded.

Features

  • Uses I2C interface (Qwiic-enabled)
  • Four selectable addresses
    • 0x3C (default), 0x3E, 0x38, 0x3F
  • Operating temperature: -40°C to +125°C
  • Temperature accuracy (max): ± 0.5°C (-10°C to +60°C)
  • Operating voltage: 1.5V to 3.6V
    • Typically 3.3V if using the Qwiic cable
  • Ultralow current: 1.75µA in one-shot mode
  • Programmable thresholds with interrupt pin
  • Programmable operating modes
    • Freerun, one-shot, and Low-ODR
  • NIST traceability

Parts Required

You can connect to the sensor using DuPont-style jumper wire.

I use an ESP32 board from Wemos, the Lolin32 – it should work with any ESP32 board

 

Name Link
ESP32
STTS22H  
Connecting cables

 

Schematic/Connection

I used 3.3v from the ESP32 board

I also used a Qwiic cable, but if you do not have one, there is an unpopulated set of pins you can solder a header to. This is how you would wire this up

esp32 and STTS22H_bb

esp32 and STTS22H_bb

 

Code Example

I installed the Sparkfun library using the Arduino ide

Click the Manage Libraries … menu item, search for STTS22H, and select the Sparkfun STTS22H library like this

This is one of the examples that gets installed with the library, with a  few comments and unused lines removed.

#include <Wire.h>
#include "SparkFun_STTS22H.h"

SparkFun_STTS22H mySTTS; 

float temp; 

void setup()
{

    Wire.begin();

    Serial.begin(115200);

    if( !mySTTS.begin() )
    {
        Serial.println("Did not begin.");
        while(1);
    }

    Serial.println("Ready");

    // Other output data rates can be found in the description
    // above. To change the ODR or mode, the device must first be
    // powered down.
    mySTTS.setDataRate(STTS22H_POWER_DOWN);
    delay(10);
    mySTTS.setDataRate(STTS22H_1Hz);

    // Enables incrementing register behavior for the IC.
    // It is not enabled by default as the datsheet states and
    // is vital for reading the two temperature registers.
    mySTTS.enableAutoIncrement();

    delay(100);
}

void loop()
{

    // Only use data ready for one-shot mode or 1Hz output. 
    if( mySTTS.dataReady() ) 
    {
        // Temperature in different units can be retrieved
        // using the following functions.
        //mySTTS.getTemperatureC(&temp);
        mySTTS.getTemperatureK(&temp);
        Serial.print("Temp: "); 
        Serial.print(temp);
        Serial.println("F"); 
    } 
    delay(1000);

}

 

Output

When run you will see something like this in the serial monitor window

Temp: 68.68F
Temp: 68.67F
Temp: 68.74F
Temp: 68.70F
Temp: 68.72F
Temp: 68.72F

 

Links

https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stts22h.pdf

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Code

Connect a MMC5603 Triple-axis Magnetometer to an ESP32

by shedboy71

In this article, we look at a Triple-axis Magnetometer, the MMC5603, and connect it to an ESP32 board

Sensor Information

This sensor can sense ranges from ±30 Gauss (±3000uT or ±3mT) with no range-setting required and full 20-bit output up to 1000 Hz rate reading. The range makes it good for reading Earth’s magnetic field (which maxes at about 0.6 Gauss) or some basic magnets. It isn’t good for very strong rare earth magnets

I bought an Adafruit breakout board, so the MMC5603 comes integrated with a voltage regulator and level-shifting circuitry to allow it to be used with 3.3V devices or 5V devices.

Along with a header, there is a SparkFun Qwiic compatible STEMMA QT connectors for the I2C bus so you just need to fit a suitable cable

Features

    • Superior Dynamic Range and Accuracy:
      ±30 G FSR
    • 20bits operation mode
    • 0.0625mG per LSB resolution
    • 2 mG total RMS noise
    • Enables heading accuracy of 1º

Sensor true frequency response up to 1KHz
On-chip automatic degaussing with built-in SET/RESET function

    • Eliminates thermal variation-induced offset error (Null field output)
    • Clears the residual magnetization resulting

from strong external fields
On-chip sensitivity compensation
On-chip temperature sensor
Selftest signal available
Data_ready Interrupt (I3C only)
Low power consumption
1 µA power down current
I2C slave, FAST (≤400 KHz) mode
I3C interface available
1.62V to 3.6V

Parts Required

You can connect to the sensor using Dupont style jumper wire.

 

Name Link
ESP32
MMC5603
Connecting cables

 

Schematic/Connection

I used 3.3v from the ESP32 – and I also use the stemma/qwic connector

Code Example

I installed the Adafruit library using the Arduino ide which also installed the dependency library

Click the Manage Libraries … menu item, search for MMC56x3, and select the Adafruit_MMC56x3 library

If asked about dependencies, click on the “Install all” option

If the Dependencies window does appear, you already have the required dependencies installed.

If the dependencies are already installed, make sure that you have the latest ones installed using the Arduino Library Manager

This is the magsensor example – there are a few examples

#include <Adafruit_MMC56x3.h>

/* Assign a unique ID to this sensor at the same time */
Adafruit_MMC5603 mmc = Adafruit_MMC5603(12345);

void setup(void) {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (!Serial)
    delay(10); // will pause Zero, Leonardo, etc until serial console opens

  Serial.println("Adafruit_MMC5603 Magnetometer Test");
  Serial.println("");

  /* Initialise the sensor */
  if (!mmc.begin(MMC56X3_DEFAULT_ADDRESS, &Wire)) {  // I2C mode
    /* There was a problem detecting the MMC5603 ... check your connections */
    Serial.println("Ooops, no MMC5603 detected ... Check your wiring!");
    while (1) delay(10);
  }

  /* Display some basic information on this sensor */
  mmc.printSensorDetails();
}

void loop(void) {
  // Get a new sensor event 
  sensors_event_t event;
  mmc.getEvent(&event);

  // Display the results (magnetic vector values are in micro-Tesla (uT))
  Serial.print("X: ");
  Serial.print(event.magnetic.x);
  Serial.print("  ");
  Serial.print("Y: ");
  Serial.print(event.magnetic.y);
  Serial.print("  ");
  Serial.print("Z: ");
  Serial.print(event.magnetic.z);
  Serial.print("  ");
  Serial.println("uT");

  // Read and display temperature
  float temp_c = mmc.readTemperature();
  Serial.print("Temp: "); 
  Serial.print(temp_c); 
  Serial.println(" *C");
  // Delay before the next sample
  delay(1000);
}

Here is  an example of what I saw in the serial monitor window – you may see some different results

X: -3276.80 Y: -3276.80 Z: -3276.80 uT
Temp: 21.00 *C
X: -3276.80 Y: -3276.80 Z: -3276.80 uT
Temp: 25.00 *C
X: -3276.80 Y: -3276.80 Z: -3276.80 uT
Temp: 25.80 *C

This is the compass example – this would be good with one of those round LCD displays – a clue to a future project

#include <Adafruit_MMC56x3.h>

/* Assign a unique ID to this sensor at the same time */
Adafruit_MMC5603 mag = Adafruit_MMC5603(12345);

void setup(void) {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (!Serial)
    delay(10); // will pause Zero, Leonardo, etc until serial console opens

  Serial.println("Adafruit_MMC5603 Magnetometer Compass");
  Serial.println("");

  /* Initialise the sensor */
  if (!mag.begin(MMC56X3_DEFAULT_ADDRESS, &Wire)) {  // I2C mode
    /* There was a problem detecting the MMC5603 ... check your connections */
    Serial.println("Ooops, no MMC5603 detected ... Check your wiring!");
    while (1) delay(10);
  }
}

void loop(void)
{
  /* Get a new sensor event */
  sensors_event_t event;
  mag.getEvent(&event);

  float Pi = 3.14159;

  // Calculate the angle of the vector y,x
  float heading = (atan2(event.magnetic.y,event.magnetic.x) * 180) / Pi;

  // Normalize to 0-360
  if (heading < 0)
  {
    heading = 360 + heading;
  }
  Serial.print("Compass Heading: ");
  Serial.println(heading);
  delay(500);
}

The output of this example was this, I moved the sensor around

Compass Heading: 279.68
Compass Heading: 313.03
Compass Heading: 290.95
Compass Heading: 344.84
Compass Heading: 294.77

Links

https://media.digikey.com/pdf/Data%20Sheets/MEMSIC%20PDFs/MMC5603NJ_RevB_7-12-18.pdf

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Connect a BMP384 pressure sensor to an ESP32 module example

by shedboy71

In this article we look at a temperature and pressure sensor, the BMP384 pressure sensor from Bosch Sensortec, and connect it to an ESP32 board

Sensor Information

The BMP384 can be used for high-resolution measurements (up to 21-bit) and uses a gel-filled cavity to provide extra resistance to liquids (water and other chemicals). This makes it a great option for monitoring pressure near water or in humid environments, though the sensor is not water-proof without an adequate integration concept.

The BMP384 provides excellent accuracy across a wide measurement range (300hPa to 1250hPa and -40 to +85°C) on an incredibly small footprint that uses the Qwiic Micro size (0.75in. x 0.30in. / 19.05mm x 7.62mm) so you can install it in projects with exceptionally tight spaces.

The sensor also features a configurable oversampling setting, a FIFO buffer for storing up to 73 measurements, and a low-pass filter so users can customize the performance based on the application’s requirements.

The Qwiic Pressure Sensor communicates over I2C by default, utilizing the handy Qwiic system so no soldering is required to connect it to the rest of your system.

The BMP384 has three operating modes: Sleep Mode, Normal Mode and Forced Mode. In Sleep Mode, the sensor is idle and consumes ~2µA, while in Normal Mode the sensor automatically cycles between measurement and standby periods and consumes ~700µA at peak current draw during measurements.

Forced Mode allows direct control of measurements to wake the sensor from Sleep Mode, take a single-shot measurement, and return the device to Sleep Mode.

This is what the breakout looks like that I purchased, it is from SparkFun

Features

Take note of the supply voltage

  • Supply Voltage Range: 1.65V – 3.6V
  • Current Draw:
    • 700µA – Peak while measuring pressure
    • 3.4 µA @ 1Hz – Pressure and temperature monitoring with Ultra Low Power oversampling settings
    • ~2µA – Sleep Mode
  • Data Transfer Speeds:
    • I2C – 3.4MHz
    • SPI – 10MHz
  • I2C Address: 0x77 (Default), 0x76 (Alternate which can be set under the board by bridging 2 pads using solder)
  • Internal Temperature Sensor

Parts Required

You can connect to the sensor using DuPont-style jumper wire.

The sensor will cost in the range of $20, I did get it along with various others at a decent sale price

You can connect up pretty much any ESP32 board – I used a Lolin 32 from Wemos – first board I had at hand

 

Name Link
ESP32
BMP384
Connecting cables

 

Schematic/Connection

I used 3.3v from the ESP32

I also used a Qwiic cable, but if you do not have one, there is an unpopulated set of pins you can solder a header to. This is how you would wire this up

 

Code Example

I installed the Sparkfun library using the Arduino ide

Click the Manage Libraries … menu item, search for BMP384, and select the Sparkfun BMP384 library like this

This is one of the examples that gets installed with the library, with a  few comments and unused lines removed.

#include <Wire.h>
#include "SparkFunBMP384.h"

// Create a new sensor object
BMP384 pressureSensor;

// I2C address selection
uint8_t i2cAddress = BMP384_I2C_ADDRESS_DEFAULT; // 0x77
//uint8_t i2cAddress = BMP384_I2C_ADDRESS_SECONDARY; // 0x76

void setup()
{
    // Start serial
    Serial.begin(115200);
    Serial.println("BMP384 Example1 begin!");

    // Initialize the I2C library
    Wire.begin();

    // Check if sensor is connected and initialize
    // Address is optional (defaults to 0x77)
    while(pressureSensor.beginI2C(i2cAddress) != BMP3_OK)
    {
        // Not connected, inform user
        Serial.println("Error: BMP384 not connected, check wiring and I2C address!");

        // Wait a bit to see if connection is established
        delay(1000);
    }

    Serial.println("BMP384 connected!");
}

void loop()
{
    // Get measurements from the sensor
    bmp3_data data;
    int8_t err = pressureSensor.getSensorData(&data);

    // Check whether data was acquired successfully
    if(err == BMP3_OK)
    {
        // Acquisistion succeeded, print temperature and pressure
        Serial.print("Temperature (C): ");
        Serial.print(data.temperature);
        Serial.print("\t\t");
        Serial.print("Pressure (Pa): ");
        Serial.println(data.pressure);
    }
    else
    {
        // Acquisition failed, most likely a communication error (code -2)
        Serial.print("Error getting data from sensor! Error code: ");
        Serial.println(err);
    }

    // Only print every second
    delay(1000);
}

 

Output

When run you will see something like this in the serial monitor window

Temperature (C): 20.67 Pressure (Pa): 100386.79
Temperature (C): 20.67 Pressure (Pa): 100403.07
Temperature (C): 20.66 Pressure (Pa): 100388.79
Temperature (C): 20.66 Pressure (Pa): 100406.11

Links

https://www.bosch-sensortec.com/media/boschsensortec/downloads/datasheets/bst-bmp384-ds003.pdf

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ESP32 and VL6180X layout
Code

ESP32 and VL6180X module arduino example

by shedboy71

In this article we connect an VL6180X device to an ESP32

Lets look at the sensor

Sensor Information

First lets look at some information about the sensor from the manufacturer

The VL6180X is a ground-breaking technology allowing absolute distance to be measured independent of target reflectance.

Instead of estimating the distance by measuring the amount of light reflected back from the object (which is significantly influenced by color and surface), the VL6180X precisely measures the time the light takes to travel to the nearest object and reflect back to the sensor (Time-of-Flight).

Combining an IR emitter, a range sensor and an ambient light sensor, the VL6180X is easy to integrate and saves the end-product maker long and costly optical and mechanical design optimizations.

The module is designed for low power operation. Ranging and ALS measurements can be automatically performed at user defined intervals. Multiple threshold and interrupt schemes are supported to minimize host operations.

Host control and result reading is performed using an I2C interface. Optional additional functions, such as measurement ready and threshold interrupts, are provided by two programmable GPIO pins.

Key Features

  • Three-in-one smart optical module
    • Proximity sensor
    • Ambient Light Sensor
    • VCSEL light source
  • Fast, accurate distance ranging
    • Measures absolute range from 0 to above 10 cm (ranging beyond 10cm is dependent on conditions)
    • Independent of object reflectance
    • Ambient light rejection
    • Cross-talk compensation for cover glass
  • Gesture recognition
    • Distance and signal level can be used by host system to implement gesture recognition
  • Ambient light sensor
    • High dynamic range
    • Accurate/sensitive in ultra-low light
    • Calibrated output value in lux
  • Two programmable GPIO
    • Window and thresholding functions for both ranging and ALS

This was my sensor of choice that I used

Parts Required

The sensor you can pick up in the $12 price range – you can connect to the sensor using a standard header the classic dupont style jumper wire.

 

Name Link
ESP32
VL6180X
Connecting cables

 

Schematic/Connection

ESP32 and VL6180X layout

ESP32 and VL6180X layout

Code Example

This uses a library from Adafruit installed using the Library Manager in the Arduino IDE. search for VL6180X, and select the Adafruit_VL6180X library. You will also need to add another couple of libraries Adafruit BusIO library and the Adafruit Unified Sensor library

[codesyntax lang=”cpp”]

#include <Wire.h>
#include "Adafruit_VL6180X.h"

Adafruit_VL6180X vl = Adafruit_VL6180X();

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // wait for serial port to open on native usb devices
  while (!Serial) {
    delay(1);
  }
  
  Serial.println("Adafruit VL6180x test!");
  if (! vl.begin()) {
    Serial.println("Failed to find sensor");
    while (1);
  }
  Serial.println("Sensor found!");
}

void loop() {
  float lux = vl.readLux(VL6180X_ALS_GAIN_5);

  Serial.print("Lux: "); Serial.println(lux);
  
  uint8_t range = vl.readRange();
  uint8_t status = vl.readRangeStatus();

  if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_NONE) {
    Serial.print("Range: "); Serial.println(range);
  }

  // Some error occurred, print it out!
  
  if  ((status >= VL6180X_ERROR_SYSERR_1) && (status <= VL6180X_ERROR_SYSERR_5)) {
    Serial.println("System error");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_ECEFAIL) {
    Serial.println("ECE failure");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_NOCONVERGE) {
    Serial.println("No convergence");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEIGNORE) {
    Serial.println("Ignoring range");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_SNR) {
    Serial.println("Signal/Noise error");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RAWUFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Raw reading underflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RAWOFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Raw reading overflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEUFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Range reading underflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEOFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Range reading overflow");
  }
  delay(500);
}

[/codesyntax]



Output


Here is  an example of what I saw in the serial monitor window


Lux: 0.00

Range: 43

Lux: 0.00

Range: 40

Lux: 0.00

Range: 43

Lux: 0.00

Range: 11

Lux: 0.00

Range: 12


Links


https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/vl6180x.pdf


									            

        


		            

								                    

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